About Iqbal
Iqbal, Sir Muhammad (1873-1938), philosopher, poet, and
political leader,
was born in Sialkot. In 1927 he was elected to the Punjab
provincial
legislature and in 1930 became president of the Muslim League.
Initially
a supporter of Hindu-Muslim unity in a single Indian state,
Iqbal later
became an advocate of Pakistani independence. In addition to
his political
activism, Iqbal was considered the foremost Muslim thinker of
his day.
His poetry and philosophy, written in Urdu and Persian, stress
the rebirth
of Islamic and spiritual redemption through self-development,
moral
integrity, and individual freedom.His many works includeThe
Secrets of the
Self (1915), 23); a long poem; A Message from the East (19and
The
Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (1934).
Although Iqbal did not live to see the creation of an independent
Pakistan
in 1947, he is nevertheless regarded as the symbolic father of
that nation.
Allama Muhammad Iqbal is generally known as a poet and philosopher,
but he
was also a jurist, a politician, a social reformer, and a great
Islamic
scholar. People even bestowed on him the title of "Shaere-Mashriq"
(Poet of
the East!). It may sound strange that Iqbal never considered himself
a poet
as is evidenced by his correspondence with Syed Sulaiman Nadvi
[1885-1953].
"I have never considered myself a poet. Therefore, I am not a rival
of
anyone, and I do not consider anybody my rival. I have no interest
in
poetic artistry. But, yes, I have a special goal in mind for whose
expression I use the medium of poetry considering the condition and
the customs of this country."
(translated from the original in Urdu; Maktoobat, Volume I, page195)
Iqbal's contribution to the Muslim world as one of the greatest
thinkers
of Islam remains unparalleled. In his writings, he addressed and
exhorted
people, particularly the youth, to stand up and boldly face life's
challenges. The central theme and main source of his message was
the Qur'an.
Iqbal considered the Qur'an not only as a book of religion
(in the traditional sense)
but also a source of foundational principles upon
which the infrastructure of an organization must be built as
a coherent
system of life. According to Iqbal, this system of life when
implemented
as a living force is ISLAM. Because it is based on permanent
(absolute)
values given in the Qur'an, this system provides perfect harmony,
balance,
and stability in the society from within and the source of security
and a
shield from without. It also provides freedom of choice and equal
opportunity
for the development of personality for everyone within the
guidelines of
Qur'an. Thus, in Iqbal's opinion, Islam is not a religion in which
individuals
strive for a private subjective relationship with God in the hope
of personal
salvation as it is done in secular systems. Iqbal firmly opposed
theocracy and
dictatorship and considered them against the free spirit of Islam.
Humanity, as a whole, has never faced the challenge posed by the
enormity and
the complexity of human problems, such as it is facing today.
The problems have
taken on a global dimension now and transcend the barriers of race,
color,
language, geography, and social, political and religious ideologies.
Most of
the problems of mankind are universal in nature and, therefore,
require a
universal approach to the solution. Iqbal's universal message is
an attempt to
address this challenge faced by humanity.
Through his travels and personal communications, Allama Iqbal
found that the
Muslims throughout the world had detached themselves from the
Qur'an as a
guiding principle and a living force. After the disaster
following the Balkan
War of 1912, the fall of the caliphate in Turkey, and many
anti-Muslim
incessant provocations and actions against Muslims in India
(1924-27) and
elsewhere by the intellectuals and so called secular minded
leaders, Allama
Iqbal suggested that a separate state should be given to the
Muslims of the
Indian subcontinent so that they can express the vitality of
Islam to its
fullest. In his 1930 Presidential speech delivered to the annual
session of
Muslim League at Allahabad, Allama Iqbal stated:
"I, therefore, demand the formation of a consolidated Muslim
state in
the best interests of India and Islam. For India, it means
security and peace
resulting from an internal balance of power; for Islam, an
opportunity to rid
itself of the stamp that Arabian imperialism was forced to give it,
to mobilize
its laws, its education, its culture, and to bring them into closer
contact with
its own original spirit and with the spirit of modern times."
Iqbal's "Deeda-war" (visionary), is like Iqbal himself. He could
foresee what
others could not. Whereas others only have a short term view of
things, a
visionary sees the problems in a long term perspective and develops
some sort
of cosmic sense. A nation is indeed fortunate if it produces a few
such
individuals in centuries. Such individuals, although very rare,
change the course of history forever, as indeed Iqbal did.
Pakistan owes its
existence to Allama Iqbal. Thus, the people of Pakistan owe a
great deal of
gratitude to this extraordinary visionary.